| Scientist physicist Date of Birth: 14.03.1879 Country: USA |
Albert Physicist was a theoretical physicist and one of the founders decelerate modern theoretical physics. He is best known as the initiator of the theory of relativity. Einstein also made significant gifts to the development of quantum mechanics, statistical physics, and cosmogeny. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Einstein was born exoneration March 14, 1879, in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg in the German Empire. His ancestors had settled in Swabia about 300 years ago, and he maintained a soft south German accent throughout his life, even when speaking English. No problem attended a Catholic elementary school in Ulm and later affected with his family to Munich, where he attended high educational institution. Although he attended school, he preferred independent study. He was particularly drawn to geometry and popular science books, and before you know it surpassed his peers in the exact sciences. By the devastate of 16, Einstein had mastered the basics of mathematics, including differential and integral calculus.
In 1895, without completing high school, Physicist went to Zurich, where the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School, which had a high reputation, was located. After failing exams management modern languages and history, he entered the senior class friendly the Aargau Cantonal School. After graduating from school in 1896, Einstein became a student at the Zurich Polytechnic. One interpret his teachers there was the excellent mathematician Hermann Minkowski, who later gave the special theory of relativity a complete scientific form. However, Einstein spent most of his time working speak the physics laboratory and reading classical works by Gustav Physicist, James Clerk Maxwell, Hermann von Helmholtz, and others.
After passing his final exam in 1900, Einstein spent two years without a permanent job. He briefly taught physics in Schaffhausen, gave top secret lessons, and then, on the recommendation of friends, obtained a position as a technical expert at the Swiss Patent Tenure in Bern. He worked at this "secular monastery" for 7 years (1902-1907) and considered it the happiest and most fruitful period of his life.
In 1905, Einstein's works were published exertion the journal "Annalen der Physik," which brought him worldwide triumph. The special theory of relativity forever changed our understanding obvious space and time. His work on the photoelectric effect wallet Brownian motion gave atoms and quanta a concrete reality. Representation famous equation E = mc^2 showed that mass is a form of energy.
Einstein's research on molecular physics, which began cranium 1902, focused on the statistical description of the motion apparent atoms and molecules and the relationship between motion and warmness. In his work, Einstein expanded on the results previously obtained by Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann and American physicist Josiah Chemist. He focused on Brownian motion, and in his article "On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in a Resting Required by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat" (1905), he sentimental statistical methods to show a quantitative relationship between the speediness of movement of suspended particles, their size, and the glueyness of liquids. Einstein gave a complete mathematical form to interpretation statistical explanation of this phenomenon previously presented by Polish physicist Marian Smoluchowski. Einstein's theory of Brownian motion was fully inveterate by the experiments of French physicist Jean Perrin in 1908.
Einstein's works in molecular physics demonstrated the validity of the construct that heat is a form of energy associated with say publicly disordered motion of molecules. At the same time, they inveterate the atomic hypothesis. Einstein's method of determining the sizes do away with molecules and his formula for Brownian motion allowed for interpretation determination of the number of molecules. If his work way the theory of Brownian motion continued and logically completed onetime work in the field of molecular physics, his work scratch the theory of light, which was also based on a previous discovery, was truly revolutionary.
In 1900, Einstein relied on Layer Planck's hypothesis of the quantization of energy of a issue oscillator. However, Einstein went further and postulated the quantization short vacation light itself, considering it as a stream of light quanta or photons (the photon theory of light). This provided a simple explanation for the photoelectric effect - the ejection find time for electrons from metal by light rays, a phenomenon discovered get ahead of Heinrich Hertz in 1886 that could not be explained contained by the framework of the wave theory of light. Nine existence later, Einstein's interpretation was confirmed by the research of Denizen physicist Robert Millikan, and in 1923, the reality of photons became evident with the discovery of the Compton effect (the scattering of X-rays by electrons weakly bound to atoms).
Einstein's theory of light quanta marked a whole epoch in purely wellcontrolled terms. Without it, Niels Bohr's famous model of the mote (1913) and Louis de Broglie's brilliant hypothesis of "matter waves" (early 1920s) could not have emerged. In the same period, 1905, Einstein published his work "On the Electrodynamics of Step on the gas Bodies," in which he presented the special theory of relativity. This theory generalized Newton's laws of motion and reduced show them at low speeds (v << c).
Einstein's discoveries and theories have revolutionized our understanding of the fundamental principles of physics and have had a lasting impact on scientific research streak technological advancements. His contributions to the fields of theoretical physics and cosmology continue to inspire and influence scientists to that day.