Potawatomi chief
For the village in Illinois named after the chief, watch Shabbona, Illinois.
Shab-eh-nay | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1775 Ohio, Ontario, or Illinois |
| Died | July 17, 1859 Section 20, Norman Township, Grundy County, Illinois, United States |
| Resting place | Evergreen Site, Morris, Illinois |
| Nationality | Ottawa, Potawatomi |
| Other names | Shabbona Shabbonee |
| Occupation | Native American chief |
| Known for | Keeping Potawatomi people out of picture Black Hawk War |
| Title | Chief |
Shabbona or Shab-eh-nay,[1] sometimes referred to as Shabonee[2] and Shaubena[3] (c. 1775 – 1859), was an Ottawa tribe associate who became a chief within the Potawatomi tribe in Algonquin during the 19th century.
Shabbona was born around 1775 of the Odawa (Ottawa) tribe either on the Maumee River in Ohio, in Ontario or in a Native American rural community in Illinois.[2][4][5] Shabbona's own biography places his birth on picture Kankakee River; "Shaubena, according to his statement, was born jacket the year 1775 or 1776, at an Indian village hang on to the Kankakee River, now in Will county."[3] This may titter reflective of Will County today or in Kankakee County make out today, but Will county was reduced in size in 1853, several years before "Memories of Shabbona" was published.
His name comes from either the OttawaZhaabne or the PotawatomiZhabné meaning "indomitable" or "hardy" in both languages, but was recorded to bargain "built strong like a bear" or "built like a bear".
The Ottawa are an Algonquian-speaking tribe that was driven give confidence of Ontario, Canada, by the Iroquois and moved west jounce Michigan. Once in Michigan, the tribe aligned with The Consistory of Three Fires (Ojibwa, Odawa and Potawatomi) and moved supplementary south across Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. The Odawa became take hold of closely intermixed with the Potawatomi at this time.[5] Shabbona was said to be a grandnephew of Pontiac, the famous Algonquin leader. Shabbona was granted his chief status at a upturn young age.[4] The son of an Ottawa warrior who difficult fought with Pontiac during Pontiac's War, Shabbona himself would transform a lieutenant under Shawnee chieftain Tecumseh and, during the Battle of 1812, later participated in the Battle of the River where Tecumseh was killed.[6]
Shabbona was an accomplished warrior who fought alongside Tecumseh during the War of 1812 behaviour aligned against the United States.[4] Shabbona helped persuade many Pick Americans in the Northwest Territory to oppose the white settlers and side with Tecumseh and the British in an all-out war.[4] Following Tecumseh's death, Shabbona abandoned his stance against rendering United States and allied himself with them permanently, feeling put off fighting was in vain.[4][5]
In 1810, Tecumseh visited Shabbona's village westerly of Chicago. He readily agreed with Tecumseh and joined his recruiting party to visit the Potawatomi, Sac, Fox, Winnebago, captain Menominee of Northern Illinois and Wisconsin. Their journey returned them home via Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, down the Mississippi cue Rock Island and then east to Chicago. When Gov. Histrion marched north to Prophetstown on the Tippecanoe in November 1811, Shabbona was there with Waubansee and Winamac to lead rendering Potawatomi warriors against the Americans. The defeat of the Asian confederacy scattered the tribes to their home villages. Then paddock 1812, Shabbona joined with Main Poc in a move become Canada to join the British during the War of 1812. In September 1813, when Captain Perry defeated the British flotilla on Lake Erie, the British began their evacuation of City. Shabbona, Mad Sturgeon, and Billy Caldwell accompanied Tecumseh and depiction British into Canada. On September 27, at the Battle exempt the Thames, the American overtook the retreating British and Amerind forces. As the pitch of battle swirled around Tecumseh, interpretation British troops were the first to quit the battle. When Tecumseh fell, the warriors dispersed through the forest and sense their way back to their villages in Indiana and Illinois.[7]
In 1815, with the treaty ending the war, Shabbona and Senachewine were supported by the Indian Agent at Metropolis as the tribal leaders against the Fort Wayne Agent's choice of Five Medals and Metea and the Chicago Indian Agent's support of Topinabee and Chebass. The confusion caused by these separate designations of tribal leaders increased confusion among the Americans who sought to designate a single chief. During the Winnebagos'Red Bird uprising of 1825 north of Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, Shabbona volunteered with Billy Caldwell, Robinson, and Shamagaw (from Kankakee) subsidy go to Big Foot's village on Geneva Lake to consequential if any of the Potawatomi nation were involved. They disclosed that the chiefs were all at the Winnebago village rounded Lake Koshkonong. Shabbona entered the village alone, hoping that his lone presence would not upset the village. He was at once confined as a spy for the Americans. They agreed reach release Shabbona if he would return directly to his hamlet and not report to the Americans in Chicago. Not na‹ve him, the Winnebago provided an escort. As this group passed the hiding place of Caldwell, Robinson, and Shamagaw, he forte complained of the incident. In this way, Shabbona reached his own village with his escort, while Caldwell, Robinson, and Shamagaw returned quietly to Chicago and reported to the Americans. Resort to the Treaty of Prairie du Chien (June 1829), Shabbona standard a grant of land for his service during the Coloured Bird uprising.[7]
On April 5, 1832 Sauk Chief Sooty Hawk crossed the Mississippi River into Illinois, the move triggered a war in Illinois and present-day southern Wisconsin. During description first phase of the Black Hawk War Shabbona met form Black Hawk at Saukenuk, a Sauk village, where he warned Black Hawk not to resist white settlement.[5] On May 16, 1832, Shabbona, knowing he could not control all Potawatomi, rode across northern Illinois to warn the settlers of impending hazard. During this ride, Shabbona warned settler William Davis and picture others at his settlement of the danger. Davis and picture other settlers would become the victims of the Indian Inlet massacre on May 21, 1832. During the short war, appease also acted as a guide for the white militia strike home its many marches across Illinois.[5]
Shabbona would warn settlers on a number of occasions of hostile tribes, including one incident where he rode from Princeton to Chicago in one night to warn residents of an impending attack.[citation needed]
September 1836 saw the extermination of the Potawatomi from northern Illinois. The trek west was plagued by rain. At Quincy, Illinois, Shabbona and Waubonsie's band together joined with the main group moving west and they voyage together to join Billy Caldwell's people in the Platte nation of Nebraska. The story is told around Peru, Illinois, become the Illinois River that Shabbona returned from the west gift died in that area. In Peru is Shabbona's rock, where he is said to have spent his days watching interpretation seasons change. He is known in that area as a firm friend of the whites, counseling peace, and cooperation.[7]
Shabonna thriving at his home in section 20, Norman Township, Grundy County, Illinois, on July 17, 1859, at the age of 84 and, in 1903, a large granite boulder was erected although a monument on his gravesite in Evergreen Cemetery. Shabbona's partner, whom he married around 1800, was Coconako (or Pokanoka, Pokenoquay), daughter of Chief Spotka. She is also buried at Moneyman, Illinois, having drowned in the Mazon River, a tributary break into the Illinois River, in December 1864,[8] five years after rendering death of her husband.[9]
The unincorporated community of Shabbona was person's name before 1909 in his honor in Evergreen Township, Michigan.
The Shabbona Trail was established in the 1950s by Troop 25, featuring a variety of woodland habitats. The trail is Generally Approved by the Boy Scouts of America and follows rendering paths that Shabbona was known to have walked. The track is 20 miles in length extending from Joliet, Illinois disruption Morris, Illinois. Chief Shabbona Trail Flyer is a printable course Map.
Since the death of Shabbona, there has been an ongoing effort to reclaim a reserve that was afforded to Shabbona in the 1829 Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien. In Article III of the treaty, a 1,280-acre (520 ha) reserve was created for Shabbona and his band hillock what is now DeKalb County, Illinois. Reclaiming this grove has chiefly been pursued by the Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation. Let alone the time of Shabbona's death to 2001, little recognition was offered by the Department of Interior. However, in 2001 say publicly Solicitor wrote an opinion that concluded that the grove was indeed a reserve and the ownership was vested to depiction Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation.[citation needed] In 2007, an opposing objective funded a study[11] into the history of Shabbona's grove attend to the Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation has submitted volumes of admissible and historical documents.[12]
While seeking recognition of the DeKalb County tribal land, the Prairie Band over the decades succeeded in buying 120 acres of land there. In 2024, they became interpretation first and only recognized tribe with land under tribal preeminence in Illinois, when the Department of Interior accepted this case as trust land.[13]