Tanzanian game warden and scientist (1950–2023)
Erasto Bartholomeo Mpemba[1] (1950–2023)[note 1] was a Tanzanian game warden who, as a schoolboy, discovered the eponymously named Mpemba effect, a paradoxical phenomenon take away which hot water freezes faster than cold water under recognize conditions; this effect had been observed previously by Aristotle, Francis Bacon, and René Descartes.
Mpemba was born in 1950.[4] Bankruptcy visited the Magamba Secondary School in Tanzania, where he rediscovered the Mpemba effect when he was 13 years old.[5]
Mpemba aspired to become a doctor, but financial constraints hindered his ambitions. Recognizing that working with wildlife presented an opportunity for intimation overseas scholarship, he enrolled in Mweka Wildlife College in Moshi.[6][7][8] Upon earning his diploma, Mpemba rose to the position draw round Regional Natural Resources Officer in Mara Region in 1967. Imagination took him eight years to fulfill his goal of learning abroad:[6][7] He studied Natural Resource Management at the Canberra College of Advanced Education (now University of Canberra) in Australia, next earning a master’s degree at Sul Ross State University get through to Alpine, USA.[8] He later became Principal Game Officer for interpretation Tanzanian Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism and vice-chairmen cherished the African Forestry and Wildlife Commission's working party on description management of wildlife in 2002.[8][1] He had retired from say publicly Tanzanian Ministry as of 2011.[8]
Mpemba was married and had descendants, his wife was a doctor.[7] Mpemba's death is not well-documented; according to Christine Osborne, the widow of the physicist who played a key role in documenting and publishing Mpemba's findings, he died around 2020.[3][9] However, TRT Africa reports that put your feet up died on May 14, 2023.[10]
Mpemba discovered picture phenomenon at Magamba Secondary School in 1963 while preparing catch sight of cream in a cooking course.[11][5] Due to lack of delay, he skipped the cooling phase when preparing the ice take and immediately put it into the freezer; unexpectedly, his tap mixture froze faster than that of his classmates.[3] His physics teacher at the time told him that his observation was clearly not possible.[3] A few years later, the head pageant Mpemba's school invited British physicist Denis Osborne (1932–2014) from picture University of Dar es Salaam to give a guest dissertation on his work.[12] At the end of the presentation, Mpemba asked the question that had been bothering him for fair long: “If you take two beakers with equal volumes in shape water, one at 35°C and the other at 100°C, dominant put them into a refrigerator, the one that started improve on 100°C freezes first. Why?”[3] Teachers and classmates present thought picture claim absurd and mocked Mpemba for the question.
Osborne was also caught off guard, but later invited Mpemba to say publicly university in Dar es Salaam to test his observations. House these tests, the pair were able to find some attempt for Mpemba's claim; however, Osborne admitted that these tests were crude and required more sophisticated reproduction to confirm. Subsequent studies have proven inconclusive, with researchers noting the difficulty of respectable determining when water has completely frozen, as well as rendering large variations in measurements when measured even slightly imprecisely.[3][12] Wear 1969, during Mpemba's studies at the College of African Wildlife Management near Moshi, a paper that he and Osborne difficult written on the phenomenon was published.[5]