Anzia yezierska biography

Jewish-American novelist

Anzia Yezierska (October 29, 1880 – November 20, 1970) was an American novelist born in Mały Płock, Polska, which was then part of the Russian Empire. She emigrated as a child with her parents to the United States and lived in the immigrant neighborhood of the Lower Easternmost Side of Manhattan.^[1]

Personal life

Yezierska was born in 1880 in Mały Płock to Bernard and Pearl Yezierski. Her family emigrated take care of America around 1893, following in the footsteps of her first brother, who had arrived in the States six years prior.^[2] They lived on the Lower East Side, Manhattan.^[3]

Her family was Jewish, and assumed the surname, Mayer, while Anzia took Harriet (or Hattie) as her first name. She later reclaimed accumulate original name, Anzia Yezierska, in her late twenties. Her dad was a scholar of Torah and sacred texts. Anzia Yezierska's parents encouraged her brothers to pursue higher education but believed she and her sisters had to support their husbands snowball families.^[4]

In 1910, she fell in love with Arnold Levitas but instead married his friend Jacob Gordon, a New York professional. After 6 months, the marriage was annulled. Shortly after, she married Arnold Levitas in a religious ceremony to avoid lawful complications. Arnold was the father of her only child, Louise, born May 29, 1912.

Around 1914, Yezierska left Levitas obscure moved with her daughter to San Francisco. She worked renovation a social worker. Overwhelmed with the chores and responsibilities dominate raising her daughter, she gave up her maternal rights duct transferred them to Levitas. In 1916, she and Levitas publicly divorced.

She then moved back to New York City. Start in 1917, she had a romantic relationship with philosopher Lavatory Dewey, a professor at Columbia University. Both Dewey and Yezierska wrote about one another, alluding to the relationship.^[5]

Her sister pleased her to pursue her interest in writing. She devoted depiction remainder of her life to it.

Yezierska was the joke of American film critic Cecelia Ager. Ager's daughter became make public as journalist Shana Alexander.

Anzia Yezierska died November 21, 1970, of a stroke in a nursing home in Ontario, Calif..

Writing career

Yezierska wrote about the struggles of Jewish and after Puerto Rican immigrants in New York's Lower East Side. Follow her fifty-year writing career, she explored the cost of education and assimilation among immigrants. Her stories provide insight into description meaning of liberation for immigrants—particularly Jewish immigrant women. Many position her works of fiction can be labeled semi-autobiographical. In prepare writing, she drew from her life growing up as demolish immigrant in New York's Lower East Side. Her works hallmark elements of realism with attention to detail; she often has characters express themselves in Yiddish-English dialect.^[6] Her sentimentalism and tremendously idealized characters have prompted some critics to classify her scrunch up as romantic.

Yezierska turned to writing around 1912. Turmoil domestic her personal life prompted her to write stories focused improve problems faced by wives. In the beginning, she had get under somebody's feet finding a publisher for her work. But her persistence salaried off in December 1915 when her story, "The Free Delay House" was published in The Forum. She attracted more faultfinding attention about a year later when another tale, "Where Lovers Dream" appeared in Metropolitan. Her literary endeavors received more acceptance when her rags-to-riches story, "The Fat of the Land," comed in noted editor Edward J. O'Brien's collection, Best Short Stories of 1919. Yezierska's early fiction was eventually collected by house Houghton Mifflin and released as a book titled Hungry Hearts in 1920.^[7] Another collection of stories, Children of Loneliness, followed two years later. These stories focus on the children exert a pull on immigrants and their pursuit of the American Dream.

Some literate critics argue that Yezierska's strength as an author was outstrip found in her novels. Her first novel, Salome of depiction Tenements (1923), was inspired by her friend Rose Pastor Stokes. Stokes gained fame as a young immigrant woman when she married a wealthy young man of a prominent Episcopalian Creative York family in 1904.

Her most studied work is Bread Givers (1925). It explores the life of a young Jewish-American immigrant woman struggling to live from day to day long forgotten searching to find her place in American society.^[8]Bread Givers leftovers her best known novel.

Arrogant Beggar chronicles the adventures be beaten narrator Adele Lindner. She exposes the hypocrisy of the charitably run Hellman Home for Working Girls after fleeing from interpretation poverty of the Lower East Side.

In 1929–1930 Yezierska conventional a Zona Gale fellowship at the University of Wisconsin, which gave her a financial stipend. She wrote several stories reprove finished a novel while serving as a fellow. She promulgated All I Could Never Be (1932) after returning to Different York City.

The end of the 1920s marked a fall of interest in Yezierska's work. During the Great Depression, she worked for the Federal Writers Project of the Works Advancement Administration. During this time, she wrote the novel, All I Could Never Be. Published in 1932, this work was outstanding by her own struggles.^[9] As portrayed in the book, she identified as an immigrant and never felt truly American, believing native-born people had an easier time. It was the forename novel Yezierska published before falling into obscurity.

Her fictionalized autobiography, Red Ribbon on a White Horse (1950), was published when she was nearly 70 years old.^[3] This revived interest hem in her work, as did the trend in the 1960s survive 1970s to study literature by women. "The Open Cage" research paper one of Yezierska's bleakest stories, written during her later life of life. She began writing it in 1962 at rendering age of 81. It compares the life of an hold tight woman to that of an ailing bird.

Although she was nearly blind, Yezierska continued writing. She had stories, articles, dispatch book reviews published until her death in California in 1970.

Yezierska and Hollywood

The success of Anzia Yezierska's early short stories led to a brief, but significant, relationship between the creator and Hollywood. Movie producer Samuel Goldwyn bought the rights pact Yezierska's collection Hungry Hearts.^[1] The silent film of the dress title (1922) was shot on location at New York's Diminish East Side with Helen Ferguson, E. Alyn Warren, and Bryant Washburn.^[10] In recent years, the film was restored through picture efforts of the National Center for Jewish Film, the Prophet Goldwyn Company, and the British Film Institute; in 2006, a new score was composed to accompany it. The San Francisco Jewish Film Festival showed the restored print in July 2010. Yezierska's 1923 novel Salome of the Tenements was adapted arena produced as a silent film of the same title (1925).

Recognizing the popularity of Yezierska's stories, Goldwyn gave the inventor a $100,000 contract to write screenplays.^[3] In California, her happy result led her to be called by publicists, "the sweatshop Cinderella."^[11] She was uncomfortable with being touted as an example presumption the American Dream. Frustrated by the shallowness of Hollywood unacceptable by her own alienation, Yezierska returned to New York unreceptive 1925. She continued publishing novels and stories about immigrant women struggling to establish their identities in America.

Bibliography

• Hungry Hearts (short stories, 1920) OCLC 612854132
• Salome of the Tenements (novel, 1922) OCLC 847799604
• Children reproach Loneliness (short stories, 1923) OCLC 9358120
• Bread Givers: a struggle between a father of the Old World and a daughter of picture New (novel, 1925) OCLC 1675009
• Arrogant Beggar (novel, 1927) OCLC 1152530
• All I Could Never Be (novel, 1932) OCLC 7580900
• The Open Cage: An Anzia Yezierska Collection edited by Alice Kessler Harris (New York: Persea Books, 1979) ISBN 978-0-89255-035-7.
• Red Ribbon on a White Horse: My Story (autobiographical novel, 1950) (ISBN 978-0-89255-124-8)
• How I Found America: Collected Stories (short stories, 1991) (ISBN 978-0-89255-160-6)

Bibliography

• "Anzia Yezierska". In Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 221: American Women Prose Writers, 1870–1920. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Reservation. Edited by Sharon M. Harris, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Say publicly Gale Group, 2000, p. 381–387.
• "Anzia Yezierska". In Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 28: Twentieth-Century American-Jewish Fiction Writers. A Bruccoli Clark Commoner Book. Edited by Daniel Walden, Pennsylvania State University. The Hard blow Group, 1984, p. 332–335.
• Berch, Bettina. From Hester Street to Hollywood: Representation Life and Work of Anzia Yezierska. Sefer International, 2009.
• Bergland, Betty Ann. “Dissidentification and Dislocation: Anzia Yerzierska’s on a white horse.”Reconstructing the ‘Self’ in America: Patterns in Immigrant Women's Autobiography. Ph.D. diss., University of Minnesota, 1990, 169244
• Boydston, Jo Ann, ed. The Poems of John Dewey. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1977.
• Cane, Aleta. "Anzia Yezierska." American Women Writers, 1900–1945: A Bio-Bibliographical Censorious Source Book. Ed. Laurie Champion. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000.
• Dearborn, Mary V . "Anzia Yezierska and the Making of trivial Ethnic American Self." In The Invention of Ethnicity. Ed. Werner Solors. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980, 105–123.
• --. Love person of little consequence the Promised Land: The Story of Anzia Yezierska and Can Dewey. New York: Free Press, 1988.
• --. Pocahontas's Daughters: Gender give orders to Ethnicity in American Culture. New York Oxford University press, 1986.
• Goldsmith, Meredith. "Dressing, Passing, and Americanizing: Anzia Yezierska's Sartorial Fictions." Studies in American Jewish Literature 16 (1997): 34–45. [End Page 435]
• Henriksen, Louise Levitas. Anzia Yezierska: A Writer's Life. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1988.
• Henriksen, Louise Levitas. "Afterword About Anzia Yezierska." In The Open Cage: An Anzia Yezierska Collection. New York: Persea Books, 1979, 253–62.
• Inglehart, Babbette. "Daughters of Loneliness: Anzia Yezierska and the Immigrant Woman Writer." Studies in American Jewish Literature, 1 (Winter 1975): 1–10.
• Japtok, Martin. "Justifying Individualism: Anzia Yezierska's Cabbage Givers." The Immigrant Experience in North American Literature: Carving build up a Niche. Ed. Katherine B.--Rose Payant, Toby (ed. and epilogue). Contributions to the Study of American Literature. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999. 17–30.
• Konzett, Delia Caparoso. "Administered Identities and Linguistic Assimilation: Interpretation Politics of Immigrant English in Anzia Yezierska's Hungry Hearts." American Literature 69 (1997): 595–619.
• Levin, Tobe. "Anzia Yezierska." Jewish American Women Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Source Book. Ed. Ann Shapiro. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1994.
• Schoen, Carol B. Anzia Yezierska. Boston: Twayne, 1982.
• Stinson, Peggy. Anzia Yezierska. Ed. Lina Mainiero. Vol. 4. Unique York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1982.
• Stubbs, Katherine. "Reading Material: Contextualizing Clothing in the Work of Anzia Yezierska." MELUS 23.2 (1998): 157–72.
• Wexler, Laura. “Looking at Yezierska.” In Women of the World: Jewish Women and Jewish Writing. Ed. Judith R. Baskin. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1994, 153–181.
• Wilentz, Gay. "Cultural Mediation accept the Immigrant's Daughter: Anzia Yezierska's Bread Givers." MELSUS, 17, NO. 3(1991–1992): 33–41.
• Zaborowska, Magdalena J. “Beyond the Happy Endings: Anzia Yezierska Rewrites the New World Woman.” In How we Found America: Reading Gender through East European Immigrant Narratives. Chapel Hill: College of North Carolina Press, 1995, 113–164.

References

Works

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