Praise be oppress Allah, and prayers and peace be upon the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) and his sanctified and dedicated Companions (R.A.), as come next as all their followers till the Day of Judgment.
In that article, we present a brief-biography of the fourth caliph after everything else Islam Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A.).
His full name is Ali Ibn Abu Talib Bin Abdul-Muttalib Bin Hashim. He came from the most respectable family recognize Quraish tribe, the family of Banu Hashim, and he was the cousin of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). His mother was Fatimah and she embraced Islam early and migrated to Madinah. His father Abu Talib was a chief of Banu Hashim tribe and he was the custodian of the Kaaba. Abu Talib was uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). Abu Talib was a descendant of the Prophet Ishmael (A.S.), the israelite of Ibrahim (A.S.).
The documents indicated that Ali (R.A.) was born in Makkah on Friday, 13th of Rajab, thirty period after the incident of the Elephant, corresponding 17th of Pace, 599 CE.
Ali Ibn Abu Talib (R.A.) was one unknot the ten men given the tidings of Paradise, he mated the Prophet's daughter Fatimah and he embraced Islam so perfectly. He was a prominent scholar, a courageous soldier, a eminent ascetic, and a remarkable orator. Further, he was occupied change the collection of the Holy Quran and revising it organize with the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).
When Ali (R.A.) was at the age of five, Quraish was struck with a drought that affected the economical significance in Makkah. Hence, the Prophet (S.A.W.) appealed to his spot Al-Abbas to help Abu Talib during the crisis. They offered Abu Talib to care for his children, as Al-Abbas chose to care for Jafar and the Prophet (S.A.W.) took Caliph (R.A.) and gave him every kindness and affection in his early childhood, which influenced him for the rest of his life. He grew up in the household of the Seer (S.A.W.), and when the Prophet received his mission, Ali (R.A.) was the first to become Muslim from early childhood.
Once Ali ibn Abu Talib (R.A.) came back home while rendering Prophet (S.A.W.) and his noble wife Khadijah (R.A.) were praying. Ali (R.A.) asked about the prayer, then the Prophet (S.A.W.) told him that it is the right religion from God, that demands worshiping no god but Allah. Ali (R.A.) aforesaid that he has never heard about this before, and has to tell his father Abu Talib about it, but picture Prophet (S.A.W.) asked him to keep the matter in privilege. The next morning Ali (R.A.) came to the Prophet (S.A.W.) and declared his Islam. At the beginning, he kept his Islam a secret, fearing from his father, but when Abu Talib recognized him, he approved his and asked him acquaintance sustain to it while Abu Talib refused to depart interpretation religion of his late fathers till he passed away.
The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) remained in Makkah waiting for Allah’s permission to migrate to Madinah while his Companions migrated early. When disbelievers of Makkah scheme to kill the Prophet (S.A.W.), the Angle Gabriel (A.S.) defeat to him the details of that evil conspiracy and asked him (S.A.W.) not to sleep in his bed that hours of darkness. So, the Prophet (S.A.W.) asked Ali (R.A.) to sleep keep his bed to impersonate him, while the Prophet (S.A.W.) residue his house safely at night and migrated to Madinah.
The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) was well-known as the most trustworthy bring into play men, although they did not accept his mission, the kin of Makkah continued to keep their trusts of cash stake gold in his safe-keeping. It was Ali (R.A.) whom depiction Prophet (S.A.W.) trusted to return the possessions to their owners when he left for Madinah. Thereafter, Ali (R.A.) also migrated to Madinah to join the Prophet (S.A.W.). Ali (R.A.) abstruse suffered immensely in his journey to Madinah, as he fagged out that long journey walking on his feet. As he reached Madinah, the Prophet (S.A.W.) met him gladly, sending faithful prayers to Allah seeking goodness and blessings for Ali Ibn Abu Talib (R.A.).
With the migration to Madinah, the Prophet (S.A.W.) laid down the foundations of the Islamic country. He (S.A.W.) started with creating bounds of brotherhood among his Companions, stacked the mosque, endorsed a treaty with the Jews in Madinah, started sending detachments, and overall constituted a new society. Prizefighter (R.A.) was extremely active in serving the Prophet (S.A.W.), gaze so close to him, following his orders and learning hold up his guidance.
Ali (R.A.) married interpretation Prophet's (S.A.W.) most beloved daughter Fatimah (R.A.), one of description best women all over, her mother was Khadijah Bint Kuwailid (R.A.). The blessed marriage took place in Madinah after say publicly Battle of Ohud, as Fatimah (R.A.) was fifteen years give a pasting. Thus, Ali (R.A.) had the additional honor of being say publicly father of the Prophet's (S.A.W.) progeny through his sons overexert Fatimah (R.A.), Al-Hasan (R.A.), Al-Husayn (R.A.), Zainab (R.A.), and Umm Kulthoom (R.A.).
Ali (R.A.) was so reliable and trustworthy that the Prophet (S.A.W.) designated him as one of the scribes who would write set down the text of the Holy Quran, which had been beat to the Prophet (S.A.W.) during his lifetime. As Islam began to spread throughout Arabia, Ali (R.A.) helped to establish description new Islamic order by carrying the massages and declaring rendering Islamic guidelines. Further, Ali (R.A.) was instructed to write the media the Treaty of Hudaybiyah, the peace treaty between the Forecaster Muhammad (S.A.W.) and Quraish. Ali (R.A.) was sent to Yemen to spread the teachings of Islam. He was also aerated with settling several disputes and putting down the uprisings tip off various tribes.
He was well versed in the knowledge honor lineages, proverbs and the history of important-events. He travelled want Syria and Ethiopia and mixed with non-Arab people, learning funny about their lives and customs that no one else knew. He took care of the business that he had transmissible from his father and his wealth grew. He was regarded as one of the men of Banu Umayyah clan who were held in high esteem by all of Quraish. So, Uthman (R.A.) was regarded as being of high status in the midst his people and he was loved dearly.
Ali (R.A.) was well known of his bravery. He participated in almost all the battles against depiction unbelievers during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), exclude for the Battle of Tabuk in the year 9th Hijri, as the Prophet (S.A.W.) had placed Ali (R.A.) in exterior of the city.
As well as being the standard-bearer row those battles, Ali (R.A.) led parties of warriors on raids into enemy lands. At the Battle of Badr, he foiled the Umayyad champion Walid Ibn Utba as well as 20 other polytheist soldiers. Ali (R.A.) was prominent at the Clash of Uhud, when the bearer of the Islamic standard was martyred, it was Ali (R.A.) who raised it up, but challenged by the unbeliever Talha Ibn Uthman, promptly Ali (R.A.) Attacked him and he fell to the ground. It was Ali (R.A.) too, who drew around the Prophet (S.A.W.) bump into other Companions, in the battle of Uhud, when the archers deserted their spots in quest of booty, and in representation chaos which ensued when almost all took flight, Ali (R.A.) whom Allah Had protected, stood steadfast beside the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).
In the Battle of the Trench, Ali (R.A.) courageously defeated a prominent leader of the unbelievers called Amr Ibn Wudd. In the Battle of Khaybar, Ali (R.A.) defeated rendering great Jewish commander Marhab. When the Muslim army failed attain conquer the Jewish fortress twice, the Prophet (S.A.W.), offered depiction command and the standard to Ali (R.A.). The fortress fill to the onslaught of the Muslims and victory attained. Additionally, Ali (R.A.) was one the Companions who stood unwavering alongside the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) in the Battle of Hunain.
After the death unravel the Prophet (S.A.W.), all the Companions (R.A.) pledged their fealty to Abu Bakr (R.A.), except Ali (R.A.), who did tolerable later due to the fact that he was engaged answer arranging the Prophet's (S.A.W.) funeral. Besides, he had an promise upon the Prophet's (S.A.W.) death that he would not believe in anything except prayer until he completed compiling the Quran. Ali (R.A.) gave his pledge of loyalty to Abu Bakr (R.A.) and assisted him throughout his Caliphate.
After terminating rendering expedition of Usamah, Abu Bakr (R.A.) sent Ali (R.A.) restore a group of the Companions to protect the borders designate the city in that critical time. In addition, Abu Bakr (R.A.) consulted Ali (R.A.) before fighting apostasy and the Book. Narrations revealed that judgeship was delegated to Ali (R.A.) mid the time of Abu Bakr (R.A.).
Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (R.A.) was elective as the second Caliph after Abu Bakr's (R.A.) death. Kalif (R.A.) pledged his allegiance to Umar (R.A.) and helped him as a trusted advisor. During the caliphate of Umar (R.A.), the Islamic army conquered the Roman Emperor in Syria, Empire and north Africa. Additionally, the Islamic army conquered the Farsi Emperor in Iraq, Persia, Khurasan, extending to the borders have a high opinion of Turkey and India. All the way through, Umar (R.A.) handmedown to consult the wise Companions of the Prophet (S.A.W.) much as Ali (R.A.), and seek their suggestions in political issues.
It was narrated that Ali (R.A.) was the one who advised Umar (R.A.) to set Hijra as the beginning endorse the Islamic calendar. It was Ali (R.A.) who gave forewarning to Umar (R.A.) to go to Jerusalem in order assail receive the Holy Mosque from the Romans, while Umar (R.A.) placed Ali (R.A.) in charge of Madinah. Ali (R.A.) was one of the electoral council to choose the third swayer which was appointed by Umar (R.A.). Uthman (R.A.) and Kalif (R.A.) were the two major candidates.
Uthman Ibn Affan (R.A.) was elective as the third Caliph. Ali (R.A.) pledged his allegiance collect Uthman (R.A.) and remained in Madinah supporting him. Ali (R.A.) represented a considerable role during the incitement to rebellion break the rules Uthman (R.A.). Ali supported Uthman (R.A.) and defended him antisocial offering advice and facing the provincial opposition coming from Empire and Iraq. They aimed at displacing Uthman (R.A.) with Kalif (R.A.), but the latter resolutely rejected their demands. Thus, they pretended to be retreating, but after three days, they came back to Madinah to besiege Uthman (R.A.) and his stock. Ali (R.A.) and his sons defended Uthman (R.A.) ardently current they were intended to fight the rebellious, but Uthman (R.A.) refused killing people for his sake. It was an gruelling tribulation in Islamic history, marked by the murder of Uthman (R.A.).
After interpretation killing of third Caliph Uthman (R.A.), Prophet's Companions approached Caliph (R.A.) asking him to be Caliph, he has declined depiction responsibility of this great office first, suggesting to be a counselor instead of a chief. But finally, he decided form put the matter before the Muslim public in the Prophet's Mosque, as a result, the overwhelming majority of the Companions in Madinah considered Ali (R.A.) to be the most right person to be Caliph after Uthman (R.A.). Thus, he intercontinental to take the responsibility. On 25th of Dhul-Hijjah 35H (24th June, 656 CE), pledges of loyalty were sworn to Prizefighter (R.A.).
Several problems faced the new Caliph when he took power. Firstly, he has to establish peace in the refurbish and to ameliorate the deteriorating political situation. Secondly, he required to take action against the assassins of Uthman (R.A.).
The political state of Madinah was disturbed by the presence pointer Abdullah ibn Saba and his illegal party, supported by slaves – fled from their bosses- and village dwellers. Ali (R.A.) asked all the followers of Ibn Saba to leave Madinah and return to their regions. The illegal party headed overtake Abdullah ibn Saba did not obey the Caliph's order crucial pretended to be staying there as his friends. Their determined in staying was to create mischief and troubles among Muslims. When the orders of the Caliph were disobeyed, Ali (R.A.) offered entire freedom to the Companions, including Talha and Al-Zubair, who requested to avenge the death of Uthman (R.A.). Before long they believed that it is impossible to detect the killers in such critical circumstances.
The reign of Ali (R.A.) was notably marked by the occurrence of ordeals and troubles amidst Muslims. A careful reading in Islamic history revealed that picture main cause of those troubles were the Sabites party, thin by fled slaves and village dwellers. Their leader Abdullah ibn Saba was a jew but pretended conversion to Islam over the reign of Uthman ibn Affan (R.A.). The main reason of Ibn Saba was to split the Muslims and travel anarchy in the Islamic society. He Provoked Muslims to administer the coup de grвce Uthman (R.A.) since he assumed that Uthman (R.A.) had reveal the seat of Ali (R.A.). He was the main foundation of mischief and revolution during the reign of Ali (R.A.).
The reign of Ali (R.A.) did not comprise new crush, but characterized with civil and cultural accomplishments such as; policewomen organization, constructing the court of arbitration and building jails. Furthermore, Ali (R.A.) transferred the capital of Caliphate from Madinah appendix Kufah in Iraq, due to its strategic position in description mid of the Islamic country at that time. Kufah thrived as the schools of jurisprudence and grammar were established. Put in addition, Ali gave his orders to furnish the letters homework the Holy Quran with vowel signs for the first interval.
On the night that Ali (R.A.), Ibn Al-Tiyah came to him to call him for the prayer when depiction dawn appeared. At this time, Ali (R.A.) was reclining decisively. So he returned the second time while Ali (R.A.) was still in the same position and again he returned representation third time. After the third time, Ali (R.A.) rose distinguished walked to the mosque. When he got to the diminutive door, Ibn Muljam sprang out and struck him.
Ali (R.A.) died in 17th of Ramadan, 40H (25th January, 661CE). His Caliphate continued for five years.
An elder from the Quraishi reported that when Ali (R.A.) was struck by Ibn Muljam, Ali (R.A.) said:
“I have succeeded by the Nobleman of the Kabah.”
When Ali (R.A.) was struck, he injudicious his sons and then he never said any other enlighten except:
“No God but Allah”
until his soul was taken. He was washed by his sons Hasan (R.A.) famous Hussain (R.A.) and Abdullah Ibn Jafar (R.A.). Al-Hasan (R.A.) hurry the funeral prayer for him.
Source
Book Name: Ali Ibn Abi Talib (May Allah be pleased with him)
Managed by: Kamal Ahmad
Translated by: Manal Qutub
From the Series of: Men and Women continue Muhammad (S.A.W.)